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Passion Flower
Passion Flower Passiflora incarnata
Passionflower is a perennial creeping vine, native to the tropical and semi-tropical southern United States, Central and South America,. The plant is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions. The material of commerce is obtained from wild and cultivated plants, mainly from the United States, India, and the West Indies (1,2,3,4,5). Native Americans applied passion flower topically to boils, and drank infusions for liver health and as a blood tonic. (moerman) Other tribes consumed the edible fruit of passionflower, whole or juiced. The Aztecs of Mexico used it as a sedative to treat insomnia and nervousness. The plant was taken back to Europe where it became widely cultivated and introduced into European medicine. (3,5,6).
The Plant Medicine Passionflower herb is the fresh or dried above ground parts of Passiflora incarnata and their preparations. The content of harman alkaloids must not exceed 0.01%. 7.8.9
Phytochemistry and ActivityPassionflower contains vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin, apigenin, luteolin glycosides, and indole alkaloids fatty acids gum; maltol; phytosterols, sugars and a trace of volatile oil (1,2,3,4,7). The British Herbal Compendium describes the actions of passionflower as sedative, anxiolytic, and antispasmodic ( 11). Numerous studies support central nervous system sedative and anxiolytic effects ( 2,3,7).
Approved UsesGermany’s Commission E approved the internal use of passionflower for nervous restlessness. The British Herbal Compendium indicates its use for sleep disorders, restlessness, nervous stress, and anxiety. Other uses include neuralgia and nervous tachycardia.
References 1. Bergner, P. 1995. Passionflower. Medical Herbalism 7(1–2):13–14, 26.
2. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing. 3. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 5. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses . New York: DK Publishing, Inc. 323. 6. Moerman, D., Native American Ethnobotany. 1st ed., (Portland, Oregon Timber Press 1998): 51. 7. ESCOP. 1997. "Passiflorae herba." Monographs on the Medicinal Uses of Plant Drugs . Exeter, U.K.: European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. 8. Tyler, V.E. 1987. The New Honest Herbal. Philadelphia: G.F. Stickley Co. 9. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association. 10. Blumenthal M, Busse W, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS (eds.). The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. S. Klein, R.S. Rister (trans.). 1st ed., (Austin, TX: American Botanical Council. 1998): 11. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association. |
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